Simultaneous
Estimation of Cefixime and Ofloxacin
in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form
Santhi
N*, Rajendran S.S, Kumar Nallasivan P, Sam Solomon W.D, Venkata
Narayanan R.
RVS College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sulur, Coimbatore
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ss.rajendra00@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Two
simple, rapid, accurate and price spectrophotometric methods have been
developed for simultaneous eatimation of cefixime and ofloxacin in bulk
and in tablet dosage form. Method A
involves simultaneous equations at 290.4 nm ((λmax
of Cefixime) and 297.4nm (λmax
of Ofloxacin). Method B involves Absorbance ratio
method at 282.0 nm (iso-absorptive point) and 297.4
nm (λmax of Ofloxacin)
using ethanol as a solvent.The linearity was
observed in the concentration range of
5-25 μg/ml for Cefixime
and 2-10 μg/ml for Ofloxacin.The
results of analysis have been validated statically and by recover studies and
were found satisfactory.
KEYWORDS: Cefixime; Ofloxacin; Simultaneous equations; Absorbance
ratio method.
INTRODUCTION:
Cefixime (CEFI) (6R,
7R)-7-[2-(2-amino-4- thiazolyl)
glyoxylamido]-8-oxo-3-vinyl-5-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylicacid,7-9z)-[o-carboxymethyl)-oxime]
trihydrates is third generation cephalosporin
antibiotic1.Ofloxacin (OFLO)chemically
9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-10-(4-methyl-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido(1,2,3-di)-1,4-benzoxazine
carboxylic acid used as an antibacterial and clinically used in the treatment
of susceptible infections including gonorrhea, otitis
media, bronchitis, urinary tract infections2.Literature
survey reveals cefixime and ofloxacin
estimated by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) in tablet dosage
form3,5.spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation
of cefixime with other drugs also reported6 . spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of ofloxacin with other
drugs also reported7.No report was found for the
simultaneous estimation of cefixime and ofloxacin in bulk and tablet dosage form by
spectrophotometric method. Present work describes a simple,acuurate,rapid and economical methods for
simultaneous estimation of cefixime and ofloxacin in bulk and in combined tablet doage forms.
MATERIAL AND
METHODS:
Reagents and chemicals:
Ethanol
(AR Grade) was used as solvent, procured from Universal Laboratories private
limited, Mumbai. Pure Standard gift sample of cefixime
provided by Glen mark pharmaceutical Ltd, and Ofloxacin
by Aristo Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai. Combined
dose of cefixime and ofloxacin
tablets (label claim 200mg) were purchased from local market.
Instrumentation:
A
double-beam Elico UV-visible spectrophotometer, with
spectral bandwidth of 0.2nm, wavelength accuracy ± 0.1 nm and a pair of 1 cm
matched quarts cells were used to measure absorbance of the resulting solution.
Preparation of standard stock solution:
Standard
stock solutions of cefixime (100μg/ml) and ofloxacin (40µg/ml) were prepared in ethanol and used for
the analysis.
Methods:
Method A: simultaneous equation method:
Simultaneous
equations method based on measurements at two wavelengths. Two dissimilar chromophores must necessary have different powers of light
absorption at some points or in linear absorption.
A set of two simultaneous
equations obtained by using mean absorptivity values
are given below
A2 ay1-A1ay2
CX =
---------------------
-------------------- (1)
ax2
ay1-ax1ay2
A2 ay1-A1ay2
CY=
---------------------
---------------------- (2)
ax2
ay1-ax1ay2
Where A1 and A2 are
absorbance of the sample at 290.4nm and 297.4 nm respectively,
ax2, ax1 = denote
absorptivities of X at 290.4 nm and 297.4nm respectively,
ay1,ay2 = denote absorptivities
of Y at 290.4 nm and 297.4nm respectively,
CX =
concentration of cefexime
CY =
concentration of ofloxacin.
Method B. Absorbance Ratio method:
It depends on the property
that, for a substance which obey Beers law at all wavelengths is constant value independent of concentration or path
length.
From the following set of
equations the concentration of each component in sample can be alculated.
For Cefixime:
Qm – Qy A1
Cx = -------------- X
----- ----------------------
(3)
Q x – Qy
a
For Ofloxacin:
Qm – Qx A1
CY= ------------- X
------ ---------------------- (4)
Qy – Qx a
Where, Cx
= Concentration of Cefixime,
CY = Concentration of Ofloxacin,
A1 = Absobance
of sample at iso-absorptive wavelength 282.0 nm,
a = Mean absorptivity
of CEFI and OFLO at iso-absorptive 282.0 nm,
Absorbance of sample solution
at290.0 nm
Qm =
____________________________________
Absorbance of sample solution at
282.0 nm
Absorptivity
of Cefixime at290.4 nm
Qx = ____________________________________
Absorptivity
of Cefixime at 282.0 nm
Absorptivity
of Ofloxacin at 297.4 nm
Qy = ____________________________________
Absorptivity
of Ofloxacin at 282.0 nm
Spectral characteristics
of CEFI and OFLO:
Solutions of CEFI and OFLO
(10 μg/ml, each), were prepared separately by
appropriate dilution of standard stock solution. Both the solutions were
scanned in the spectrum mode from 400 nm to 200 nm. Overlay absorption spectra
were recorded (Fig. 1).
Fig.-1: Overlain Spectra of Cefixime
(CEFI) and Ofloxacin (OFLO)
Preparation of
calibration curves:
Appropriate dilutions of the
standard stock solution were done separately to get 5,10,15,20, and 25 μg/ml of CEFI and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10μg/ml of
OFLO. The absorption spectra of all solutions were recorded between 200-400 nm.
The absorbances were measured at 290.4 nm (λmax of CEFI) 297.4 nm (λmax
of OFLO) and 282.0 nm (iso-absorptive point).Beer’s
lamberts range for CEFI and OFLO were selected and working calibration curves
of both the drugs were plotted separately.
Determination of Absorptivity Value of CEFI and OFLO:
Appropriate dilutions of the
standard stock solution were done to get 10 μg/ml
of each CEFI and OFLO, respectively. The absorbances
were measured for CEFI and OFLO at 290.4 nm (λmax
of CEFI), 297.4 nm (λmax of OFLO) and 282.0 nm (iso-absorptive point). The absorptivity
values of the drugs were determined at the selected wavelengths.
Assay of tablet formulation:
Twenty tablets were weighed
and average weight was calculated. The tablets were crushed to obtain fine
powder. Tablet powder equivalent to 100 mg of CEFI was transferred to 100.0 ml
volumetric flask, ethanol added, ultrasonicated for
10 minutes and volume was made-up to the mark with ethanol. The solution was
then filtered through a Whatmann filter paper (No.
41). The filtrate was further diluted with ethanol to obtain 10 μg/ml of CEFI and 10 μg/ml
of OFLO.
Table
1: Tablet Analysis and Recovery Studies of Cefixime
and Ofloxacin
Method |
Label Claim (mg/tab) |
Amount Found (%) |
Standard Deviation |
% Recovery |
||||
CEFI |
OFLO |
CEFI |
OFLO |
CEFI |
OFLO |
CEFI |
OFLO |
|
A |
200 |
200 |
100.5 |
94.8 |
±0.33419 |
±0.2494 |
100.9±0.1647 |
95.2±0.1452 |
B |
200 |
200 |
98.4 |
95.8 |
±0.2487 |
±0.1984 |
99.8±.6428 |
97.7±0.1587 |
The concentration of both
CEFI and OFLO were determined by measuring the absorbance of the sample at
290.4 nm, 297.4 nm Calculated using (method A, simultaneous equation method)
and (method B, absorbance ratio method). Concentration of sample solution was
determined by using above equations1, 2,3 and 4.The
results are reported in the Table 1.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
The
authors are grateful to RVS College of pharmaceutical sciences, Coimbatore for
providing necessary facilities.
REFERENCES:
1.
WWW.Wikipedia.org/Wiki/Cefixime
2.
Sweet man S.C., Martindale. The complete Drug Reference. 32nd Edn.Pharmaceutical press.
3.
WWW.Wikipedia.org/Wiki/ofloxacin
4.
Zendelovska D.,Stafilov
T., Milosevski P.“High performance liquid chromatographic
method for determination of cefixime and cefotaxime in human plasma”.Bulletetin
of the chemists and Technologists of Macedonia.2003;22:
39-45.
5.
Rathinavel G., Mukherjee P. B., Valarmathy J., Samueljoshua L., Sivakumar T. “A
Validated RP – HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of cefixime
and cloxacillin in tablets” Journal of chemistry.2008; 5: 648-651.
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Jovanovic E. S., Agbaba D. Zivanov‐Stakic
S. “HPTLC determination of csftriaxone;cefixime
and cefotaxime in dosage forms” J. Pharm. Biomed.
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Senthilraja M. “Simultaneous UV spectrophotometric method for
estimation of nitazoxanide and ofloxacin
in combined dosage form”. Int. J.pharm.Tech. 2008; 1:
469-471.
Received on 06.07.2011 Accepted
on 17.08.2011
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Asian J.
Pharm. Ana.
1(3): July-Sept. 2011; Page 50-52